Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences

CORRUPTION AND SHADOW ECONOMY AS DETERMINING FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE

Olena Dyka — 2024-04-18

Abstract. In today’s world, we are witnessing the aggravation of new global problems of our time. This period is marked by the growth of crisis phenomena, which stimulate states of different levels of development to form integration groups. The main goal of these associations is to overcome barriers to the free movement of goods, capital and labor. The desire for integration becomes an integral part of the optimal model of involvement of the domestic economy in world processes and a necessary prerequisite for overcoming systemic crisis phenomena. Despite all efforts, widespread corruption in all sectors of the economy and spheres of public administration, a high level of the shadow economy create countless obstacles to the implementation of the necessary reforms. These problems significantly affect the investment attractiveness of Ukraine, which slows down the process and reduces the effectiveness of reforms, which often acquire only a formal character. In addition to the above, corruption today is part of the shadow economy, which poses a serious threat to the security of the entire country. Corruption and the shadow economy are a new serious challenge for modern Ukraine, because by casting a shadow on the country’s prospects for sustainable economic development, it devalues all attempts to develop successfully and freely. Today, the listed phenomena determine the economic landscape, violating the principles of effective management and undermining the foundations of economic security. Analysis of the impact of corruption and the shadow economy becomes a key aspect for understanding the current situation and developing strategies to overcome these challenges.

THE CONCEPT AND LEGAL NATURE OF THE METHODS OF PROTECTION IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE JUDICIARY OF UKRAINE

Volodymyr Gorbalinskyi — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problems of the legal nature of the methods of judicial protection in the administrative proceedings of Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the fact that this issue is insufficiently covered in science. The article indicates that jurisprudence theories have developed different approaches to the interpretation of the meaning of the concept of "methods of protection of rights and interests". The main attention in science is paid to this concept by civil law specialists, and this is explained by the fact that scientific research in this field has been developing for a long time. The author draws attention not to the fact that methods of judicial protection in legal science are considered as a type of demand, as a type of coercion and as an action of the subject of protection. In the article, it is proposed to understand the method of protection in administrative proceedings as a substantive legal requirement, which is provided for in the law, and which ensures the renewal of the violated right or interest of a person in public legal relations. It is substantiated that the methods of protection are a specific material and legal requirement, which is aimed at the protection of the right. This requirement is a final action (act) on the way to removing obstacles to the exercise of a subjective right or interest, termination of an offense and removal of obstacles to the exercise of a right (interest). The article proves that the methods of protecting the rights, freedoms, and interests of individuals when challenging the decisions of subjects of authority have the following features: they represent a procedural and legal requirement to the court enshrined in the law; are applied on the basis of the law; the basis of application is a violation of the right, freedom or interest of the person applying them; aimed at restoring the violated right, freedom or interest; conditioned by the object of protection represented by the decision of the subject of power.

EXAMPLE ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF THE METHODS OF PROTECTION OF THE CHILD'S FAMILY RIGHTS AND INTERESTS BY ITS PARENTS (LEGAL REPRESENTATIVES) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LEGAL REGIME OF MARTIAL STATE

Roman Havrik — 2024-04-18

Abstract. In the scientific article, a study of applied aspects of the application of methods of protection of family rights and interests of the child in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law was carried out. In particular, the article notes that the primary assignment of the responsibilities of the legal representative of a child in an educational, social or medical institution to the head of this institution in terms of temporary removal (evacuation) of the child to safe regions or abroad was not always appropriate, given the fact that the head of the institution could evacuate on his own (due to which the relevant institution was not able to evacuate the children due to the absence of the head, or assign the relevant duties to another person). This shortcoming was eliminated after the approval of a new procedure for the temporary movement (evacuation) of children in June 2023. Also, the simplification of the procedure for the child's departure abroad unaccompanied by parents has led to the risks of the child's relatives abusing their rights and taking the child abroad without agreeing this removal with the child's parents and the intention to return the child to the state of his/her citizenship; we can recognize as a problem the inconsistency of the provisions of the Rules for crossing the state border by citizens of Ukraine and Art. 157 of the Family Code of Ukraine – the latter stipulates the need to obtain consent for the transfer of a child of any age abroad (and not one who has not reached the age of 16), besides this, it does not contain the possibility of transfer of the child by other persons; abolition of the need for notarized parental consent for a child to travel abroad unaccompanied or accompanied by one of the parents is available at the level of a subordinate legal act, but the corresponding consent is required in accordance with the Family Code of Ukraine. According to the author, the provisions of Art. 157 of the Family Code of Ukraine and clauses 2–3 of the Rules for Crossing the State Border by Citizens of Ukraine, however, it should be clarified in both cases that the simplified procedure for taking a child abroad applies only during the legal regime of martial law.

SHAPE OF CENTRAL BANK MONEY AIMS FOR DIGITAL PROGRAMMABLE COINS: FROM METAL AND PAPER TO A FULLY CONTROLLED DIGIT (DISPLACEMENT HYPOTHESIS)

Serhii Hrytsai — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The form of money used by central banks around the world has been constantly changing over time. The purpose of the study is to identify unpopular characteristics and the future role of CBDCs in terms of their likely impact on the social order. Conclusions. The benefits of implementing CBDCs for the state are enormous, and they are at least: (a) total income taxation, (b) total financial monitoring (public procurement, foreign investment, political party financing, etc.), (c) a political tool in the struggle for power, (d) an effective tool for reducing crime and corruption. On the contrary, the benefits of CBDC for the population are negligible, compared to the current system of electronic money/transfers: there is a reasonable probability of a significant loss of classical constitutional rights and freedoms: (a) loss of personal privacy, (b) limited political choice, (c) financial independence, (d) fiscal oppression, (e) negative interest rates, (f) introduction of time value of money. Based on this likely trend, from the perspective of legal regulation of CBDCs, they should be treated – in addition to money – as a database of big data on who, where, when and how uses and stores money in a given country, which affects the constitutional rights of citizens.

CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL PROBLEMS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LABOR LAW

Nadiya Levytska — 2024-04-18

Abstract. This article is dedicated to exploring recommendations for the development of legal frameworks in labor law through the implementation of artificial intelligence based on the analysis of national legislation and global experience. Theoretical approaches to defining the essence of the concept of "artificial intelligence" are analyzed, providing a comprehensive interpretation of this concept. It is argued that the technological process of artificial intelligence is a current necessity in the legal system today, as the integration of artificial intelligence affects the work environment, the content of labor relations, and consequently, the need to revise certain norms of labor law to adapt to the changing reality. The impact of artificial intelligence on the formation of new legal institutions and sub-institutions in the future is investigated, such as working hours and labor standards, occupational safety, retraining, and qualification improvement, as well as the protection of personal data. The shifts that the technological process of artificial intelligence may induce in labor law are identified. The current legal status of Ukraine in the field of artificial intelligence is assessed, trends are explored, and the country's development prospects in this direction are determined. Key provisions of the artificial intelligence development strategy within the country are analyzed, and the roadmap for regulating artificial intelligence and specific initiatives for the development and application of artificial intelligence at the local level are evaluated. Based on the synthesis of findings, practical recommendations.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF GREEN INVESTMENTS IN UKRAINE

Olena Sushch — 2024-04-18

Abstract. It is established that Ukraine has begun to develop legislation on legal regulation of green bonds since 2020, which are the financial instrument of green investment in accordance with European standards. However, the Law of Ukraine “On Investment Activity” does not contain norms that would regulate various legal relations associated with green investments. Green bonds are the new subtype of securities in Ukraine, since the legislation on capital markets did not provide the existence of such securities until 2020. It is emphasized that issues concerning the status, problems and perspectives of legal regulation of green investment; legal nature of green investment relations; specific features of the elements of legal relations on green investment; liability for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of obligations by legal relations participants in green investment; content of the notion of green investments; forms of existence of green investments are poorly studied at theoretical and legal level. Besides, there is no common opinion among scholars in defining the content of the concept of “green investments’’. Participants of investment legal relations in the field of green investment are classified into two groups: 1) a person implementing an environmental project and 2) a person providing finances for an environmental project. The legislator did not limit the possibility of acquiring the status of a person who implements an environmental project or a person who provides finances for an environmental project exclusively to subjects of private or public law. On this basis, we can talk about the mixed legal nature of relations in the field of green investment. It has been identified that green bonds are one of possible green investment instruments, but not the only one. The author has offered the definition of the concept of “green investments”, which should be understood as a set of property and intellectual values that have a price impact and are placed by the subjects of investment activity in an environmental project, with the aim to achieve an ecological and social effect and profit.

THE EVOLUTION OF REGISTRATION SYSTEMS IN UKRAINE: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PERSPECTIVES

Iryna Tsvigun — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The article explores the impact of technological advancements on the development of the legislative framework regulating registration systems in Ukraine. In the context of the transition from traditional to digital approaches, combining existing management practices with innovative solutions became particularly important. Also, the success of digitalization depends on the effectiveness of cyber security measures. Adaptation to technological change has been proven to be key to achieving strategic goals from a legal perspective. Phased implementation of changes is an important stage of sustainable and effective development of registration systems in Ukraine which will allow all participants in the process to adapt to new stages of digital development, and the use of pilot projects helps to inform strategic decisions in a rapidly changing technological environment. The article summarizes that the development of technologies and digital transformation requires not only technical solutions but also new legal strategies to ensure the effective and safe functioning of registration systems in the modern world.

LEGAL BASIS OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

Karim Yemelianenko — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The article is dedicated to theoretical basis of the definition of the concept of "subsidiarity" in the context of its application as a key principle of a democratic society in the relations between central and local authorities; examines the definition of the conceptual and categorical group of scientific research of the principle of subsidiarity; researches the legal framework, place and role of this principle in a democratic society, in particular, in the EU countries. The author pays attention to the fundamental approaches to the application of the principle of subsidiarity in the implementation of the State regional policy of Ukraine in budgetary relations.

SEARCH OF BASIC VISUAL MATERIALS IN THE PROCESS OF DESIGNING GRAPHIC OBJECTS (ADVENT CALENDAR AS AN EXAMPLE)

Svitlana Borysova — 2024-04-18

Abstract. This article examines the influence of basic visual materials on the creation of graphic objects using the example of an advent calendar. The content of a graphic designer’s activity is considered from the standpoint of finding basic visual materials that trigger the generation of ideas and images. Factors influencing the process of selection of basic visual materials by the graphic designer are clarified. The graphic designer’s environment is considered both external and internal, which has its own specifics. The model embraces two axes that describe the proximity of references and the design environment, the culture of the design studio, as a partial case of the cultural environment. The students’ project activity is considered as the one that implements a certain idea with attributes that determine the graphic designers’ decision and embodies their personal intellectual and creative efforts.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERDISCIPLINARY CONNECTIONS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS

Natalia Bosko — 2024-04-18

Abstract. Interdisciplinary connections (interdisciplinarity) is a universal concept used by teachers of all specialties. The article presents a study of the essence of the concept of “interdisciplinary connections”, which we consider as a means of combining theoretical foundations and/or practical methods and techniques of various disciplines, with the aim of improving the quality of the educational process and their effective further use by students in the process of future professional activity. The specified term, as opposed to the term “integration”, must be used during the teaching of basic disciplines in the educational program of specialized secondary education, which include natural sciences. They are involved in the process of forming the professional competence of college students, through the use of the STEM approach to education. Its implementation in the process of training students of higher and professional pre-higher education during the period of martial law prepares them for future professional activity and labour protection in this field. It was also determined that issues needed to understand information about the war situation and ensuring a safe existence during the war, sustainable development of society, the role of modern assets in the field of science and technology, and providing equal access to employment in the STEM field require additional involvement.

OPEN SOURCE AND PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE FOR AUDIO DEEPFAKES AND VOICE CLONING: GROWTH AREAS, PAIN POINTS, FUTURE INFLUENCE

Vitaliy Danylov — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The article is dedicated to exploring the rapidly growing field of audio deepfake and voice cloning technologies. It examines the dual pathways of development in open-source and proprietary software, identifying key areas of growth, challenges faced by developers and users, and the potential impact these technologies may have on various sectors. The relevance of this article lies in its timely examination of a rapidly evolving technology that has significant implications for privacy, security, and content authenticity in the digital age. The research results show that audio deepfakes signify a major leap forward in our ability to generate and modify audio recordings, enabling the creation of highly convincing imitations of specific voices. This technology spans three main categories: imitation-based, synthetic-based, and voice cloning, each offering unique applications and introducing distinct challenges. These advancements have opened up new possibilities in fields such as entertainment, customer service, and security but also bring to light serious ethical and security considerations. The imperative for careful oversight and the development of regulatory frameworks to prevent misuse is clear. The ecosystem of audio deepfake technology features a wide range of open-source and proprietary software, each designed to meet specific requirements. Prominent solutions like Resemble. ai, Descript, and CereProc, among others, cater to diverse needs from entertainment to multilingual voice cloning. Alongside these, open-source projects like FaceSwap and Real-Time Voice Cloning offer valuable resources for innovation, emphasizing the importance of responsible usage and ethical development. The trajectory of audio deepfakes is marked by both promising prospects and formidable challenges. The potential for these technologies to revolutionize storytelling, create personalized experiences, and support educational initiatives is immense, facilitated by ongoing advancements in AI and the growth of open-source communities. However, the concerns surrounding ethical use, the demand for computational resources, and the challenge of achieving linguistic diversity underline the need for comprehensive ethical guidelines and sophisticated detection mechanisms. Navigating the future of audio deepfakes will require a balanced approach, weighing their transformative potential against the risks they pose. The practical significance of audio deepfakes extends into research and development, where they can be used to study speech disorders, aid in voice restoration for individuals who have lost their ability to speak and explore new forms of human-computer interaction. As the technology matures and becomes more accessible, its practical applications are expected to expand, potentially transforming how we interact with digital content and each other in virtual environments.

THE MOTIVATION POTENTIAL OF THE FORMATION OF THE INNOVATION-ORIENTED PERSONALITY OF THE FUTURE TEACHER OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Nikol Dmitriieva — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to study the essence of the motivational potential in the process of forming an innovation-oriented personality of the future teacher of physical education. As a result of the analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, we determined that motivational potential is one of the essential characteristics of a teacher, contributes to success in his professional activity and self-improvement, social security in today's conditions and competitiveness in the labor market. Having determined what forces a teacher to act, what motives are at the basis of his professional activity, it is possible to develop an effective system of forming the teacher's motivational competence. The purpose of forming the motivational potential of the future physical education teacher is to be able to push him to work better, to take responsibility for his duties, to make maximum efforts to perform professional tasks. Under the motivational potential of the formation of innovative competence of the future physical education teacher, we understand such a set of factors that effectively influence the formation and development of all components of the professional activity of the future specialist.

MEDICAL STUDY OF SPEECH DISORDERS

Naila Huseynova — 2024-04-18

Abstract. Speech is one of the most important mental functions of a person. Speech communication not only creates social relations between people, but also develops higher forms of cognitive activity. Speech and thinking are inextricably linked. Speech is also a very complex phenomenon and is a set of several processes. Almost all systems of the body: muscles, bones, various and numerous organs, especially the central nervous system, take an active part in its formation. More serious damage to the muscles occurs as a result of damage to the parts of the peripheral parts of the nervous system that supply the muscles of the face, tongue, thorax with nerve seeds. Disruption of this causes severe speech disorders such as dysarthria and anarthria. In the study of speech disorders, it is necessary to consider the role of neural mechanisms that perform the activity and help to plan the activity.

THE FORMATION OF FOREIGN LINGUOSOCIOCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS OF LANGUAGE SPECIALIZATIONS BY MEANS

Svitlana Sukhovetska — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The article reflects the experience of using video materials and significant attention is paid to the formation of linguosociocultural competence. The authors emphasize that modern programs provide an opportunity not only to promote the effective development and learning of a foreign language but also to monitor the performance of tasks, to develop training exercises that are individually suitable for each student. The article highlights the problems that may arise when using video in the educational process, educational materials and combining them into one whole database that is convenient for students, as well as the implementation of the educational process taking into account the state of war in Ukraine. The components of linguosociocultural competence, the stages of its formation in students of language specializations, exercises that will contribute to its formation when using video materials are considered.

DIGITALIZATION OF PHILOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN UKRAINE: OPPORTUNITIES AND PERSPECTIVES

Nataliia Tymoshchuk — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The paper analyses the opportunities and perspectives of Ukrainian philological education digitalization. The development of philological education in Ukraine in the context of digitalization requires new approaches and tools for teaching and learning language, literature, and culture. Digitalization makes it possible to expand access to knowledge and information, promotes creativity and improves learning efficiency. A thorough analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of Ukrainian philological education digitalization has been carried out. It is concluded that the implementation of digitalization in philology education in Ukraine has the potential to transform teaching and learning, contributing to a more innovative and globally competitive educational environment.

PEDAGOGY AS A MODERNIZATION STRATEGY IN THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF UKRAINE

Olha Zolotarova — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The article covers the specifics of art pedagogy, the peculiarities of its historical development, and its modernization potential amidst modern Ukrainian education. The connection of art pedagogy with traditional principles of educational work is noted, and such means of art pedagogy as fairy tale therapy, drama therapy, etc. are distinguished. It was found that art tools positively affect various students’ abilities, and the process of creating harmonizes the emotional state of a person. The goal of art pedagogy as an activator of the child’s cognitive activity is formulated. The principal activity areas of art pedagogy and their significance in the development of personality- oriented education and upbringing are analyzed. It is justified that teaching and education through art solve many pedagogical tasks, in particular, they activate the cognitive abilities and psycho-emotional state of students with special educational needs.

HARMONIZING TRADITIONS: CULTURAL SYNTHESIS THROUGH PIANO ADAPTATIONS OF CHINESE FOLK SONGS

Dan Enyi — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The field of processing and arrangement of folk songs has been notably captivating for composers, as it unveils unexplored possibilities through piano, introducing new tonal expressions for well-known folk tunes. This research synthesizes methods from philosophy, cultural studies, history, and musicology. The dominant creative trend among Chinese composers is the adaptation and arrangement of their national art, diversifying the portrayal of musical content and promoting the global popularity of beloved national melodies. The works in arrangements, orchestrations, and transcriptions serve adaptive, enlightening, didactic, and concert functions in Chinese culture. The classification of these genres follows the European musicological tradition, as there is no precise definition in Chinese musicology. The analysis of piano arrangements reveals an inseparable connection to national musical traditions in terms of genre, form, tonality, timbre, and rhythm. The growing interest of European composers and performers in incorporating Chinese professional music genres opens avenues for studying new relationships and assimilating expressive elements of Chinese musical language within the European music context.

SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF SOCIOCOMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE SOCIAL SPHERE

Bohdan Hliadyk — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The article examines the role of socio-communicative competence for future specialists in the social sphere. It was found that in today's fast-paced world, a highly skilled professional must possess effective communication skills in order to navigate the complexities of human interactions, promote positive social change, and provide ethical and culturally competent services. It is noted that researchers consider this competence as the ability to express oneself clearly, recognize signals in context and adapt to the needs of the interlocutor. It has been found that it includes building partnerships and solving problems through effective communication. The main, in our opinion, scientific and theoretical principles and approaches to the formation of socio-communicative competence (interdisciplinary approach, practical orientation, problembased learning, cultural competence, etc.) have been considered. The research emphasized the importance of social ethics. Attention is focused on the important place of information and communication technologies in the process of formation of socio-communicative competence.

THE DYNAMICS OF THE HAPPINESS INDICATOR DEPENDING ON A PERSON'S AGE AND SELF-DEVELOPMENT

Oksana Holovchuk — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The expediency of conducting research on the indicator of people's happiness is obvious, because the scientific substantiation of this issue allows you to significantly influence the quality of life. The placebo effect has been scientifically proven to heal patients without medication, and people's awareness and acceptance of the prerequisites that increase the happiness index will certainly lead to positive changes in this direction. In the article, we try to determine the possibilities of maintaining a sense of happiness at every stage of a person's life, provided that he develops himself, self-learns in order to increase emotional intelligence and spiritual growth.

MANAGING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES DURING THE TRANSITION TO A DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE MINDS OF THE WIN AND THE HOUR OF WAR

Natalia Vanina — 2024-04-18

Abstract. This is a modern product that is developing dynamically and poses new challenges to companies. The development of technology and the vastly accelerated processes that take place in the modern world create the need to change traditional approaches to doing business. The use of standard methods no longer allows for leadership and success in the market. The article reveals the essence of creative industries, their specificity and highlights the current aspects of the development of the creative industries sector in Ukraine as a type of economic activity. The essence of the concept of “digital platforms” is explained and their role in the economic growth of the region is determined. The work examines the problems and key aspects of managing creative industries during the transition to a digital economy in the minds of war and war. Voted about the importance of digital talent, the new generation and change the way management looks. Characteristics of key changes in management systems for creative industries in the digital economy are given.

DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE WORK AS A NEW FORM OF WORK ORGANIZATION

Svitlana Zaika — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The 21st century is the era of information technologies. With the advent of the Internet, which facilitated the development of opportunities for long-distance communication, new organizational forms, and labor relations began to emerge, a striking example of which is telecommuting. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical stages of remote work development, including a retrospective review of transformations over the past decades. The methodology of systematic analysis of literary sources was applied to determine the advantages and disadvantages for various interested parties, as well as to identify key factors for the successful implementation of remote work. The results of the study demonstrate the impact of remote work on the quality of life of employees and the creation of certain problems for management and communications. The article contains recommendations for improving the efficiency and management of remote work in the modern business environment and considers possible prospects for the development of this form of work organization in the future.

THE SECOND KARABAKH WAR IN THE KAZAKHSTANI MEDIA OUTLETS

Pervane Ibrahimova — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The second Karabakh war has become one of the conflicts attracting the attention of the world media from the geographical, geopolitical, energy and human rights aspects. This conflict has been watched with interest by the global community for its important impact on regional stability and international relations, and has been analyzed in different forms in various media and communicated to audiences. In this process, the Kazakh media also played an active role and transmitted information to the society on the topic from the first day of the war. In this research, the aim is to determine how Kazakh media reacts to the issues related to the Second Karabakh war, what information it conveys and what perspective it presents. For this purpose, the historical and diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan were first reviewed. Then attention was paid to Kazakhstan's media structure and development prospects. Finally, the approach of the Kazakh media to the Second Karabakh War was examined based on examples.

FOCUS AREAS OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE RURAL INTELLIGENTSIA IN CHERNIHIV REGION IN THE 1920S–1930S

Inna Levchenko — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The article studies the phenomenon of the intelligentsia and rural intelligentsia and conveys the concepts of “intelligentsia” and “rural intelligentsia” by domestic scientists. The role of the rural intelligentsia of Chernihiv region in domestic cultural and educational activities is analyzed. The focus areas of the rural intelligentsia of Chernihiv region are highlighted, which consisted in the fulfilment of objectives in all life spheres of the Ukrainian village: education, culture, production, and improvement of the legal awareness of the population. It is emphasized the importance of establishing reading rooms (khata-chytalna) and village centers (silbud) in Chernihiv region, which, in turn, exercised essential functions to raise the level of education and culture in rural areas. The authors analyze the main drivers, conditions and means of formation and functioning of educational centers, focus on the official duties of the heads of reading rooms and their assistants, and draw attention to the underpaid or unpaid work of the local intelligentsia, which worked as teachers, mentors, organizers, actors, lecturers, etc. It is also proved gaps in the operation of reading rooms, which were directly related to the lack of adequate funding, resource base, periodicals, and proper living conditions. The dynamics of their development and the peculiarity of functioning upon increasing ideologization and centralization of the Soviet regime are examined.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF MODERN DIPLOMATIC HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN

Saida Nizami Salmanova — 2024-04-18

Abstract. On October 18, 1991, the declaration of independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan, located in a geopolitically important region, and the changes that took place in the international arena in the late 80s and early 90s brought to the fore the importance of formulating and implementing a new foreign policy in Azerbaijan. On March 2, 1992, the Republic of Azerbaijan, which began to be recognized by many countries of the world, became a member of the United Nations (UN). The recognition of Azerbaijan by the countries of the world and the establishment of diplomatic relations created the basis for the systematic integration of the country into the world community. After gaining independence, Azerbaijan established an optimal foreign policy to establish relations with foreign countries and international organizations and solve its problems peacefully. With the collapse of the USSR, more priority was given to establishing dynamic relations with foreign countries, especially Western countries and Turkey.

IMPACT OF WAR ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS

Alla Klochko — 2024-04-18

Abstract. In the current context of war, adolescents are in a particularly difficult psychological state, where stressful situations can significantly affect their development, functioning and lifestyle. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the impact of war on adolescents' mental health. It is stated that adolescents are particularly sensitive to the impact of negative socio-psychological factors on the determination of physical and mental health. It is noted that adolescents experiencing war are subjected to a great psychological burden, which can cause the emergence of various psychological problems, such as anxiety, constant fear, depression, aggression and others. It was found that the majority of adolescents do not have depression and it is not expressed at all at a severe level. One third of respondents experienced a deterioration in their emotional state during the war. This indicates that adolescents react to negative events quite painfully. It has been determined that resilience is a favourable component for maintaining the psychological well-being of adolescents and a protective mechanism against unforeseen threats throughout. It is proposed to introduce a special training programme for emotional recovery and psychological support for adolescents.

THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN PROVIDING FUTURE PSYCHOLOGISTS' PROFESSIONAL RESOURCEFULNESS

Lada Mazai — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The article is devoted to highlighting the role and significance of emotional intelligence in the structure of future psychologists’ professional resourcefulness. To achieve this goal, the paper provides a brief overview of the theoretical-phenomenological model and presents a generalized analysis of some results from the research on psychological features of resource provision for future psychologists' professional development. Specifically, the results of correlation and factor analyses are presented, demonstrating the crucial role of emotional intelligence components, such as emotional awareness, empathy, managing the emotions of other people, and self-motivation, in ensuring the professional resourcefulness of psychology students. This significance was verified by establishing correlations and interdependencies between the investigated properties and the self-assessment of the professional development level. We identified that respondents with a high self-assessment of professional development level possess well-developed emotional intelligence, which serves as a guarantee for the success of their professionalization. In contrast, psychology students with a low self-assessment of professional development level exhibit significantly lower values in indicators of emotional intelligence and its components, and the structure of their factors is diffuse. This confirms the importance of developing emotional intelligence in future psychologists during their professional training.

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR OVERCOMING PERSONAL TENSION IN CHILDREN FROM FORCEDLY DISPLACED FAMILIES

Olga Podzhynska — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The military operations undertaken to safeguard the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Ukrainian state against Russian aggression have caused many difficulties. As a result, a huge number of people forced to leave their homes due to the war suffer from feelings of fear and helplessness. This particularly applies to children. In the absence of timely, qualitative, and professionally administered assistance, being in a combat zone can be a traumatic event for children and have a lasting impact on their future lives. Undoubtedly, children represent the linchpin of a nation's future. Only by promoting their development, providing a proper educational environment, creating favorable conditions for socialization, and overcoming existing difficulties can we hope for Ukraine's restoration, prosperity, happiness, and stability. Therefore, the theoretical justification and practical activities of psychologists regarding children from internally displaced families to overcome negative phenomena and create favorable conditions in their lives are urgent and relevant.

PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER INDENTITY IN MODERN BRITISH AND AZERBAIJANI LITERATURE

Vusala Aghabayli — 2024-04-18

Abstract. This research article explores the evolving portrayals of gender identity in 21st-century British and Azerbaijani literature, shedding light on the diverse perspectives and narratives that reflect the changing sociocultural landscapes of these two distinct regions. Through an analysis of selected literary works, the study aims to examine how authors like Ali Smith's, Jeanette Winterson's, Zadie Smith, Alan Hollinghurst, etc. from UK and Jafar Jabbarli, Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli, Afag Masud, etc. from Azerbaijan engage with and represent gender identity, challenging traditional norms and contributing to the ongoing discourse on gender equality and diversity. British literature explores diverse gender expressions, delving into fluid identities and the intersectionality of gender with other facets of diversity. Simultaneously, Azerbaijani literature grapples with the complexities of modernity, offering insights into how societal shifts impact perceptions of gender roles and individual identity.

WORD FORMATION PROCESS THROUGH METAPHORIZATION IN MODERN AZERBAIJANI ARTISTIC LANGUAGE

Roya Aliyeva — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The study of linguistic problems in Azerbaijani linguistics began in the period after the 60s of the last century. Since these years, linguistic research has progressed both quantitatively and qualitatively, and has undergone rapid development. A. Dozens of our linguists, such as M. Shiraliyev, A. Demirchizade, M. Huseynzade, A. Akhundov, T. Hajiyev, A. Gurbanov, Y. Seyidov have developed deep and comprehensive methods of analysis of the language of artistic works, and these scientists have searched for talents and used them in the language and language of our classical writers and poets. motivated to conduct effective, qualitative research on stylistic features. We are also trying to continue this mission in our globalized world – in the current era, in terms of the requirements of modern linguistic science. The language of artistic works has specific characteristics, imagery, emotionality, etc. is chosen according to its qualities. Such works are very rich and colorful in language. Depending on the stylistic goal, the author of the literary works widely uses all the means available in the language within his power. These language tools have special stylistic tasks in the language of the artistic work. One of such tools is a metaphor.

RESILIENCE AND ACTIVISM: THE IMPACT OF YOUNG ADULT DYSTOPIAN NARRATIVES ON YOUNG READERS

Mahıra Hajıyeva — 2024-04-18

Abstract. The research article is of significant relevance, as it explores the multifaceted influence of young adult dystopian narratives on the youth. In an era marked by intricate societal dynamics, the themes presented in these narratives, including ethical dilemmas, environmental concerns, technological influences, and social inequality, resonate with contemporary issues. The primary focus on resistance and rebellion within these narratives adds a crucial layer to understanding the struggles between the oppressed and oppressors, contributing to broader discussions on societal transformation. This research article aims to address a noteworthy gap in the existing literature in our country by investigating the transformative impact of young adult dystopian narratives, specifically honing in on resilience and activism. The relevance of this research is underscored by its intent to identify unresolved aspects within this broader context, aspiring to contribute valuable insights into how these narratives shape the concerns and actions of young generations in today’s socio-political landscape.

DATA VISUALIZATION IN JOURNALISM: ANALYSIS OF AZERBAIJANI TRADITIONAL AND SOCIAL MEDIA OUTLETS

Vəfa Zahid Isgandarova — 2024-04-19

Abstract. Data visualization allows your recipients to see the concepts you are learning in a more interesting way. Data visualizations, called infographics, allow us to see patterns and relationships in data (or numbers) that tell a story using various charts, tables, graphs, maps, or landscapes. This also corresponds to the potential of modern people to accept information more easily. Visualizations are an effective way to present complex information and allow people to understand it quickly and easily. Thus, by converting data into a visual format, data journalists can create a more accessible and attractive presentation of information and facilitate communication with a wide audience. The article talks about visualization, which is a third stage of data journalism, and its main elements, at the same time, the Azerbaijani media environment, more precisely some traditional including TV channels news programs and social media outlets are analyzed in this regard, and the problems encountered are discussed.