LEGAL REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF SETTLING INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL DISPUTES: ISSUES OF THEORY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE
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Published:
Dec 3, 2021
Abstract
International commercial arbitration is a traditional way of disputes resolution that occurs in international commercial relationships. Resolving commercial disputes by international commercial arbitrations is characterised by several essential peculiarities. The term «international commercial arbitration» designates three mutually related concepts, reflecting different aspects of one social phenomenon: (1) a definite mechanism of disputes resolution between merchants of different states, a body of means and resorts with the help of which the collision in materially-legal relationships is eliminated; (2) establishment, which is founded for handling and resolving disputes, resulting from international commercial relationships; (3) the membership of arbitration court, concrete arbitrators, resolving a concrete civil-legal dispute. The legal nature of international commercial arbitration, and also the related notion of «arbitration agreement», has a debatable character. In science there are formulated the following doctrines, explaining the legal nature of international commercial arbitration: (1) contract (consensual) theory; (2) procedural theory; (3) mixed (hybrid) theory; and (4) autonomous theory. Activity procedures of international commercial arbitrations are regulated by regulations and rules of institutional arbitral establishments, which in juridical literature are referred to as alternative ways of commercial disputes resolution («alternative disputes resolution») and which are perceived as an alternative to state and arbitral legal proceedings. The agency created with the purpose to settle divisions between participants of economic relationships in international juridical literature is usually named mediation.
How to Cite
Baykov, A. (2021). LEGAL REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF SETTLING INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL DISPUTES: ISSUES OF THEORY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE. Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, (2), 15-33. Retrieved from http://www.baltijapublishing.lv/index.php/bjlss/article/view/1429
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Keywords
international commercial arbitration, contract (consensual) theory of international commercial arbitration, procedural theory of international commercial arbitration, mixed (hybrid) theory of international commercial arbitration, autonomous theory of international commercial arbitration, institutional arbitrations, and arbitrations «ad hoc»
References
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2. Benova, V.I. Mediation as a way of resolving alternative international commercial disputes / Diss. cand. jurid. Sciences // Moscow, 2013
3. Fedorov, A.G. International Commercial Arbitration // Moscow: Prospect, 2000
4. Nikolyukin, S.V. Arbitration agreements and the competence of international commercial arbitration: Some problems of theory and practice. Diss. ... Cand. jurid. sciences // M., 2007. – 201 p.
5. Yuriev, Y.V. The impact of European Union law on international commercial arbitration. Diss. cand. jurid. Sciences // M., 2008. – 187 p.
6. Maishev, M.V. Regulatory effect of the UNCITRAL Model Law of 1985 on the activities of International Commercial Arbitration in Germany. Diss. Cand. jurid. sciences // M., 2011. – 195 p.
7. Rusakova Y.P. Consideration of trade disputes by international commercial arbitration in England. Diss. Cand. jurid. Ssciences // M., 2010. – 199 p.
8. Zenkovich, D.I. International Commercial Arbitration in Russia and Poland: comparative legal analysis. Diss. Cand. jurid. sciences // M., 2011. – 229 p.
9. Kotov A.S. International legal regulation of investment related disputes. Diss. Cand. jurid. sciences. M., 2009, 176 p.
10. Schmittgoff K.M. Export law and practice of international trade: Translation from English. – M.: Legal literature, 1993. – S.341 – 380
11. Baykov A.M. International Commercial Law // Riga: LLC «JUMI», 2011, p.187 – 210
12. Tynel A., Funk Y., Hvaley V. The course of international trade law. Second ed. // Minsk: Amalfeya, 2000, 605 – 686 p.
13. Boyars J. Private international law. I. // Riga: Publishing Penguin Books, 2010, 256-280 p.
14. International trade law. Textbook / [Bushuyev A.Y. et al.] /, ed. by V.F. Popondopulo. // Moscow: Omega-L, 2005. – 468 p.
15. «Baker & McKenzie» International Commercial Arbitration in the states of Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS: Training and practical guide / ed. By A. Tynel, V.Hvaley // Moscow: BEK, 2001. – 544 p.
16. Bruntseva E.V. International Commercial Arbitration: textbook for higher law schools // St. Petersburg: Publishing House «September», 2001 – P.41 – 56 (368 с.)
17. New York Convention on the Recognition of Foreign Arbitral Awards and Enforcement (International Treaty) // Latvian Journal, 50 (2815), 01.04.2003. [came into force on 13.07.1992.]
18. European Convention relating to a Uniform Law on Arbitration adopted in Strasbourg on 20 of January 1966 / Register of the texts of international conventions and other instruments, relating to international trade law. Book II. United Nations // New York, 1973. P.78 – 93
19. 1/04/1961. «The European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration» // Latvian Journal, 23 (2388), 12.02.2003. [came into force on 06.18.2003.]; European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration (International Treaty) // Latvian Herald, 12 of February 2003, No. 2320.
20. 18.03.1965. «Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and the citizens of other countries»// Latvian Herald, 175/177 (890/892), 07.08.1997. [icame into force on 09.08.1997.]
21. Seoul Convention Establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (Seoul, October 11, 1985). UN International organizations. Collection of International contracts / Compiled by Sheretov S.G. // Almaty: Publishing «Lawyer», 2008. – p. 225 – 269.
22. UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. Revised version. New York. 1977. See also: Rosenberg MG Contract For International Sale. Modern practice of Dispute Resolution // M.: International Center of Financial and Economic Development, 1996. P. 602 – 621.
23. UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (revised in 2010). United Nations, New York, 2011. See. Also: www. uncitral. org/padf/russian/texts / arbitration / arb-rules-revised / arb-rules-revised-r.pdf
24. UNCITRAL Conciliation Rules. Publication of the United Nations, Sales of № R.81.V.6 Official Records of the General Assembly, 31st Session, Supplement №17 (A / 31/17), Chapter V, section A, paragraph 106 // Textbook UNCITRAL Book XI: 1989, Part 3, Annex II.
25. UNCITRAL Model Law on International Conciliation with Guide to adopt and use (2002). Resolution 57/58 of the General Assembly, application (model law only). Publication of the United Nations, Sales №R.05. V.4. Official Records of the General Assembly, 57th Session, Supplement 17 (A / 57/17) I (model law only) // textbook UNCITRAL Book XXXIII; 2002, Part 3, Annexes I and II
26. UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial arbitration of 1985, as amended in 2006. United Nations, Sales of № R.08.V.4. Vienna, 2008. See the original wording: UN Commission on International Trade Law. Textbook. 1985. T. XVI. // New York, 1988. S.601 – 612
27. UNCITRAL Notes on Organizing Arbitral Proceedings (1996) // Textbook UNCITRAL Book XXVII: 1996, part two / See.also: UNCITRAL Textbook, Book XXVII: 1996 year, part II; www.uncitral. org/pdf/ russian/ texts/arbitration/arb_notes/arb_notes–r.pdf russian /texts/ arbitration/arb_notes/arb_notesr.pdf
28. 24. 4.10.1998. Civil Law // Latvian Herald, 326/330 (1387/1391), 03:11.1998.; Reporter, 23, 12/03/1998. [came into force on 01.03.1999], as amended on 09.06.2011.
29. Luntz L.A., Marisheva N.I. Law of International civil procedure. V.3. / Luntz .A.The course of private international law: In 3 Vol. // Moscow: Spark, 2002. – 1007 p.
30. Rules of Arbitration of the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce 1988 / Foreign Trade: international private law and Russian legislation. Collection of normative documents. Сomp. and author.introd. Art. N.Y. Yerpyleva // Moscow: Publ. «Manuscript», 1997. P.820 – 833
31. Commercial Arbitration Rules and Mediation Procedure (Including Procedure for Large, Complex Commercial Disputes), amended and effective on September 15 2005 // http:// www. miripravo. ru/arbitr/ reglaments/O_aaa.htm
32. Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce adopted by the Stockholm Commerce Chamber and put into effect on April 1, 1999 / http: www.chamber.se/arbitration/ryska /rules/rules/htm (New Rules of the Arbitration Institute of Commerce of the Stockholm Chamber effective from the date of entry into force of the Swedish Act (SFS [1] 1999:116) «On Arbitration» // http://www.chamber.se/arbitration/ryska/laws/lagen-ryska.htm
33. Mediation Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce. Rules of the Mediation Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce. Adopted by the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce and in force as of 1 April 1999 // www.mediacia.com / files / Documents / rules /scc_mediation_institute.pdf? PHPSESSID = 2 f32hbe8gfj8 ikna6sipo1mgv4
34. Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States, natural and legal persons of other countries. Signed at Washington, DC // Register texts of international conventions and other instruments relating to the right international trade. Book II. United Nations. – New York. 1973. P.54 – 77
35. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Arbitration and Mediation Center // WIPO Publication Nr.446 (E): mediacia.com/files/Documents/WIPO_mediation_procedure.com/files/Documents/ WIPO_mediation_procedure.pdf & PHPSESSID = 2f32hbe8gfj8ikna 6sipo 1mgv 4 (WIPO Mediation Rules – P.5 – 14; WIPO Arbitration Rules – P.15 – 52)
36. Commercial Arbitration Rules and Mediation Procedure (Including Procedure for Large, Complex Commercial Disputes) Amended and Effective on September 15th, 2005 // www. miripravo. ru/arbitr/ reglaments/O_aaa.htm
37. Rules of international commercial arbitration and principles of reconciliation / Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East. Rules of International Arbitration ECAFE // www.miripravo.ru/arbitr/reglaments/O_aaa.htm
38. Lebedev, S.N. International cooperation in the field of international commercial arbitration. International conventions, agreements and other documents on arbitration // Moscow: Published by the USSR Chamber of Commerce, 1979.
39. The European Parliament and Council Directive 2008/52/EC (21 May 2008) «On the concrete aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters» // OJ L 136, 24.5.2008., 3/8th p.; the text of the directive in Russian language is availthble at: www.mediacia.com/files/Documents/Direktive?2008rus.pdf?PHPSESSID=2f32be8gfj8ikna6sipo1mgv4