CONTRACTUAL SUCCESSION SUBJECT MATTER AND NORMATIVE REGULATION FORMATION PROCEEDING TEMPORAL ISSUES
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Published:
Dec 3, 2021
Abstract
The article describes the process of the formation of the subject matter of the contractual succession and its legal regulation since the inception of discrete institutions which appear in inheritance law and in the law of obligations, ending the illustration with the current situation. The article illustrates the transition from universal succession, typical to inheritance law toward the singularity generated by the interaction of separate institutions, contained in inheritance law and in the law of obligations. At the same time the article displays the speci c terminology required for correct legal regulation of contractual succession as a legal institution.
How to Cite
Pilipson, E. (2021). CONTRACTUAL SUCCESSION SUBJECT MATTER AND NORMATIVE REGULATION FORMATION PROCEEDING TEMPORAL ISSUES. Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, (4), 63-73. Retrieved from http://www.baltijapublishing.lv/index.php/bjlss/article/view/1414
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Keywords
contractual succession, contractual succession principles, contractual succession terminology, temporal origins and development of the contractual succession regulatory framework, succession provisional acquisition
References
1. . . . : , , : . . / . . . ; . . . . - . .: , 2005.
2. . : 6 . / . ; . . . . .: . , 2005.
3. Max Radin, Fundamental Concepts of the Roman Law, 13 California Law Review//207 (1925).
4. , . : 6 . / . ; . . . . .: . , 2005.
5. Reinhard Zimmermann. The Law of Obligations. Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition. Cape Town: Juta and Co., ltd, 1990.
6. K.Torg ns. Saist bu ties bas. I da a. M c bu gr mata. R ga: Tiesu namu a ent ra, 2006.
7. . . . . .: . , 1996.
8. Ibid.
9. J.T.Abdy., Bryan Walker. The Commentaries of Gaius and rules of Ulpian. 3rd ed. Clark: The Lawbook Exchange ltd, 2005.
10. , . : ( ): / , ; . . . ; .: , 2009.
11. . . . . .: . , 2001.
12. Pesonam sustinere (lati u val.) ( ) - , .
13. . . . . . , 1996.
14. Robert Joseph Potier. A Treatise on the Law of Obligations, Or Contracts. London: A.Strahan, 1806.
15. Translocation in law legal force of mandatory material or con ict norms encroachment into the legal eld of another norm and legal action of these norm reciprocal linkages and corresponding intrusion into individualized legal relationship.
16. Provincial Law of the Baltic Provinces. Enacted 25.11.1864. Into force 01.07.1865. Repealed: 01.01.1938.
17. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Enacted: 28.01.1937. Into force: 01.09.1992. Published: Valdibas Vestnesis, 41, 20.02.1937. With amendments.
18. German Civil Code. Enacted 18.08.1896. Into force 1.01.1900. Published: RGBl. S. 195. With amendments.
19. General Civil Code of Austria. Enacted 1 June 1811. Into force 1 January 1812. Published: JGS No. 946/1811. With amendments.
20. Swiss Civil Code. Enacted 28 May 1904. Into force 10 December 1907. Published: BBl 1904 IV 1, 1907 VI 367. With amendments.
21. Code ivil des Français. Revendiquée 1.01.1804. Entrée en vigueur 21 mars 1804. Avec des changements.
22. Andrew Borkowsky. Textbook on Roman Law. Property was normally inherited under a will or as a result of an intestacy. Andrew Borkowsky. Textbook on Roman Law. 2nd ed. London: Blackstone Press Limited, 1997.
23. . . .: , 2007.
24. Hague Conference on Private International Law. The old Conventions//https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/theoldconventions (28.03.2016).
25. . . .: , 1991.
26. Julian Baily. Construction Law. 1st ed. London: Routledge, 2011. 27. . . .: , 2007.
28. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Paragraph 1217. EhePakte heißen diejenigen Verträge, welche in Absicht auf die eheliche Verbindung über das Vermögen geschlossen werden, und haben vorzüglich das Heiratsgut; die Widerlage; Morgengabe; die Gütergemeinschaft; Verwaltung und Fruchtnießung des eigenen Vermögens; die Erbfolge, oder die auf den Todesfall bestimmte lebenslange Fruchtnießung des Vermögens, und den Witwengehalt zum Gegenstande. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. StF: JGS Nr. 946/1811.
29. . . // - : : . 01/2004. N1.
30. . ., . . // - , 2006, 2.
31. Ibid, p.55.
32. Thomas R. Haggard. Legal drafting in a nutshell. St.Paul, Minn: West Publishing Co., 1996.
33. , . : - // . 2004. 9.
34. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Paragraph 764. Der Erbtheil, welchen diese Personen zu fordern berechtigt sind, heißt: P ichttheil; sie selbst werden in dieser Rücksicht Notherben genannt. StF: JGS Nr. 946/1811.
35. Ibid.
36. . . // : . . 19251989. ., 2001.
37. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Paragraph 1249. Zwischen Ehegatten kann auch ein Erbvertrag, wodurch der künftige Nachlaß, oder ein Theil desselben versprochen, und das Versprechen angenommen wird, geschlossen warden. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. StF: JGS Nr. 946/1811.
38. . . . .: , 1947.
39. . . . . . . . .: , 1963.
40. . . : - // . . 1999. 4.
41. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Paragraph 44. Begriff der Ehe. Die FamilienVerhältnisse werden durch den Ehevertrag gegründet. In dem Ehevertrage erklären zwey Personen verschiedenen Geschlechtes gesetzmäßig ihren Willen, in unzertrennlicher Gemeinschaft zu leben, Kinder zu zeugen, sie zu erziehen, und sich gegenseitigen Beystand zu leisten. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. StF: JGS Nr. 946/1811.
42. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Paragraph 869. Die Einwilligung in einen Vertrag muß frey, ernstlich, bestimmt und verständlich erkläret werden. Ist die Erklärung unverständlich; ganz unbestimmt; oder erfolgt die Annahme unter andern Bestimmungen, als unter welchen das Versprechen geschehen ist; so entsteht kein Vertrag. Wer sich, um einen Andern zu bevortheilen, undeutlicher Ausdrücke bedient, oder eine Scheinhandlung unternimmt, leistet Genugthuung. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. StF: JGS Nr. 946/1811.
43. . . // . 2013. 4.
44. Melvin A. Eisenberg. Mistake in Contract Law// California Law Review, 2003; 91 (6).
45. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Kundmachungsorgan: JGS Nr. 946/1811 zuletzt geändert durch BGBl. I Nr. 135/2009. Inkrafttretensdatum: 01.01.2010.
46. German Civil Code. Section 2278. (1) In a contract of inheritance, each of the parties to the contract may make contractual dispositions mortis causa. (2) Dispositions other than appointments of heirs, legacies and testamentary burdens may not be made contractually. German Civil Code. Enacted 18.08.1896. Into force 1.01.1900. Published: RGBl. S. 195. With amendments.
47. German Civil Code. Section 242. Performance in good faith. An obligor has a duty to perform according to the requirements of good faith, taking customary practice into consideration. German Civil Code. Enacted 18.08.1896. Into force 1.01.1900. Published: RGBl. S. 195. With amendments.
48. Batty Thomas. Polarized Law. London: Forgotten Books, 2015.
49. German Civil Code. Title 3. Contract. Section 145. Binding effect of an offer. Any person who offers to another to enter into a contract is bound by the offer, unless he has excluded being bound by it. German Civil Code. Enacted 18.08.1896. Into force 1.01.1900. Published: RGBl. S. 195. With amendments.
50. Viet jo Civillikumu Kopojums. Section 3105. the contract understood as an agreement of several parties. Enacted 25.11.1864. Into force 01.07.1865. Repealed: 01.01.1938.
51. Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. In der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 02.01.2002 (BGBl. I S. 42, ber. S. 2909, 2003 I S. 738) zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 29.06.2015 (BGBl. I S. 1042) m.W.v. 17.08.2015.
52. German Civil Code. Section 2278. Permissible contractual dispositions. (2) Dispositions other than appointments of heirs, legacies and testamentary burdens may not be made contractually. German Civil Code. Enacted 18.08.1896. Into force 1.01.1900. Published: RGBl. S. 195. With amendments.
53. . . . . . : . - , 1998.
54.Ibid, p.163.
55. . . . IIII. .: , 2014.
56. . . . . . , 2002.
57. Ibid, p. 285.
58. , . . . : . . « », 2005. Manuel Jesus Garcia Garrido. Derecho privado romano: Casos, acciones, instituciones. .: - , 2005.
59. . . . . . , 1996.
60. : / . . . , . . . .: 2006.
61. Swiss Civil Code. Article 527. Swiss Civil Code. Enacted 28 May 1904, came into force 10 December 1907. Published: BBl 1904 IV 1, 1907 VI 367. With amendments.
62. Persona legalis intentiones person in legal contemplation. Wilson v. Estate of WL Kings. 131 Ind. App. 412 (1960). 170 N.E.2d 63.
63. . . . : . .: Nota Bene, 2003.
64. Alan Watson. The Making of the Civil Law. Cambridge: The Harvard University Press, 1981.
65. Alan Watson. Comparative Law and Legal Change// Cambridge Law Journal, 1978 (37).
66. Person receiving a legacy (the authors note) is recognized as an heir. Cited: , . : 6 . / . ; . . . . .: . , 2005.
67. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Part Two. Inheritance Law. Enacted: 08.05.2014. Into force: 01.07.2014. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 98 (5158), 22.05.2014. With amendments.
68. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Section 423. Persons, entitled for compulsory share are the spouse and descendants, but if there are no descendants, then ascendants of the nearest degree of kinship. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Part Two. Inheritance Law. Enacted: 08.05.2014. Into force: 01.07.2014. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 98 (5158), 22.05.2014. With amendments.
69. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Section 642. In inheritance contracts the provisions concerning preferential shares shall be complied with, unless those who are concerned themselves directly or as parties to the contract have relinquished their rights. If this has not been complied with, then persons, entitled for compulsory share may contest the contract while the estateleaver is alive as well as after his or her death. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Part Two. Inheritance Law. Enacted: 08.05.2014. Into force: 01.07.2014. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 98 (5158), 22.05.2014. With amendments.
70. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Section 425. The compulsory share of an estate shall be one half of the value of that share of the estate which an heir would inherit pursuant to law. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Part Two. Inheritance Law. Enacted: 08.05.2014. Into force: 01.07.2014. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 98 (5158), 22.05.2014. With amendments till 8 May 2014.
71. Dagnija Rueniece. Succession certi cate for persons entitled for compulsory share is not issued. Persons entitled for compulsory share vested with the right to claim for a compulsory share allotment in monetary expression. Latvijas V stnea port ls// http://www.lvportals.lv/visi/ekonsultacijas/5182mantojumaapliecibuneatnemamasdalastiesigajiemneizsniedz/ (3.03.2016).
72. Taha Ayhan. The Principle of Legal Certainty in EU Case Law// http://www.todaie.edu.tr/resimler/ekler/0f455a8e4a0f319_ek.pdf?dergi=Review%20of%20Public%20Administration (14.03.2016.).
73. Gilberte ClossetMarchal. Lapplication dans le temps des lois de droit judiciare civil. Bruxells, Brilliant, 1983.
74. Baiba Rudevska. Procesu l likuma intertemporal piemeroana administrat vaj un civilproces //Jurista V rds, 3.07.2007., Nr.27 (480).
75. Wielinger G. Das Verordnungsrecht der Gemeinden. Graz: LeykamVerlag, 1974.
76. Maris Onzevs. Legal aspects of temporal scope of legal norms in the state of law. Dissertation. Riga, 2015.
77. Law On Of cial Publications and Legal Information. Enacted: 31.05.2012. Into force: 01.07.2012. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 96 (4699), 20.06.2012. With amendments.
78. The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia. Section 105. Enacted: 15.02.1922. Into force: 07.11.1922. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 43, 01.07.1993., Zi ot js, 6, 31.03.1994. With amendments.
79. . . . . .: « °, 2004.
80. John W. Shaw. Domestic RelationsHusbands Vested Interest in Retirement Plan is Divisible as Marital Property// Missouri Law Review, 1977: Vol. 42, Iss. 1.
81. Francis J. Mootz III. Legal Classics: After Deconstructing the Legal Canon//North Carolina Law Review, 1994; (72).
82. Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich. Nr: GP XXIV IA 673/A AB 275 S. 29. BR: AB 8146 S. 774.
83. Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. § 1217. (1) Ehepakte heißen diejenigen Verträge, welche in der Absicht auf die eheliche Verbindung über das Vermögen geschlossen werden. Sie haben vorzüglich die Gütergemeinschaft und den Erbvertrag zum Gegenstand. Inkrafttretensdatum 01.01.2010. Zuletzt aktualisiert am 08.04.2015.
84. Prof. Dr. V.Sinaiskis. Civillikuma principi un imenes ties bas//Tieslietu Ministrijas V stnesis, 1938; Nr.1
2. . : 6 . / . ; . . . . .: . , 2005.
3. Max Radin, Fundamental Concepts of the Roman Law, 13 California Law Review//207 (1925).
4. , . : 6 . / . ; . . . . .: . , 2005.
5. Reinhard Zimmermann. The Law of Obligations. Roman Foundations of the Civilian Tradition. Cape Town: Juta and Co., ltd, 1990.
6. K.Torg ns. Saist bu ties bas. I da a. M c bu gr mata. R ga: Tiesu namu a ent ra, 2006.
7. . . . . .: . , 1996.
8. Ibid.
9. J.T.Abdy., Bryan Walker. The Commentaries of Gaius and rules of Ulpian. 3rd ed. Clark: The Lawbook Exchange ltd, 2005.
10. , . : ( ): / , ; . . . ; .: , 2009.
11. . . . . .: . , 2001.
12. Pesonam sustinere (lati u val.) ( ) - , .
13. . . . . . , 1996.
14. Robert Joseph Potier. A Treatise on the Law of Obligations, Or Contracts. London: A.Strahan, 1806.
15. Translocation in law legal force of mandatory material or con ict norms encroachment into the legal eld of another norm and legal action of these norm reciprocal linkages and corresponding intrusion into individualized legal relationship.
16. Provincial Law of the Baltic Provinces. Enacted 25.11.1864. Into force 01.07.1865. Repealed: 01.01.1938.
17. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Enacted: 28.01.1937. Into force: 01.09.1992. Published: Valdibas Vestnesis, 41, 20.02.1937. With amendments.
18. German Civil Code. Enacted 18.08.1896. Into force 1.01.1900. Published: RGBl. S. 195. With amendments.
19. General Civil Code of Austria. Enacted 1 June 1811. Into force 1 January 1812. Published: JGS No. 946/1811. With amendments.
20. Swiss Civil Code. Enacted 28 May 1904. Into force 10 December 1907. Published: BBl 1904 IV 1, 1907 VI 367. With amendments.
21. Code ivil des Français. Revendiquée 1.01.1804. Entrée en vigueur 21 mars 1804. Avec des changements.
22. Andrew Borkowsky. Textbook on Roman Law. Property was normally inherited under a will or as a result of an intestacy. Andrew Borkowsky. Textbook on Roman Law. 2nd ed. London: Blackstone Press Limited, 1997.
23. . . .: , 2007.
24. Hague Conference on Private International Law. The old Conventions//https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/theoldconventions (28.03.2016).
25. . . .: , 1991.
26. Julian Baily. Construction Law. 1st ed. London: Routledge, 2011. 27. . . .: , 2007.
28. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Paragraph 1217. EhePakte heißen diejenigen Verträge, welche in Absicht auf die eheliche Verbindung über das Vermögen geschlossen werden, und haben vorzüglich das Heiratsgut; die Widerlage; Morgengabe; die Gütergemeinschaft; Verwaltung und Fruchtnießung des eigenen Vermögens; die Erbfolge, oder die auf den Todesfall bestimmte lebenslange Fruchtnießung des Vermögens, und den Witwengehalt zum Gegenstande. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. StF: JGS Nr. 946/1811.
29. . . // - : : . 01/2004. N1.
30. . ., . . // - , 2006, 2.
31. Ibid, p.55.
32. Thomas R. Haggard. Legal drafting in a nutshell. St.Paul, Minn: West Publishing Co., 1996.
33. , . : - // . 2004. 9.
34. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Paragraph 764. Der Erbtheil, welchen diese Personen zu fordern berechtigt sind, heißt: P ichttheil; sie selbst werden in dieser Rücksicht Notherben genannt. StF: JGS Nr. 946/1811.
35. Ibid.
36. . . // : . . 19251989. ., 2001.
37. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Paragraph 1249. Zwischen Ehegatten kann auch ein Erbvertrag, wodurch der künftige Nachlaß, oder ein Theil desselben versprochen, und das Versprechen angenommen wird, geschlossen warden. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. StF: JGS Nr. 946/1811.
38. . . . .: , 1947.
39. . . . . . . . .: , 1963.
40. . . : - // . . 1999. 4.
41. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Paragraph 44. Begriff der Ehe. Die FamilienVerhältnisse werden durch den Ehevertrag gegründet. In dem Ehevertrage erklären zwey Personen verschiedenen Geschlechtes gesetzmäßig ihren Willen, in unzertrennlicher Gemeinschaft zu leben, Kinder zu zeugen, sie zu erziehen, und sich gegenseitigen Beystand zu leisten. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. StF: JGS Nr. 946/1811.
42. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Paragraph 869. Die Einwilligung in einen Vertrag muß frey, ernstlich, bestimmt und verständlich erkläret werden. Ist die Erklärung unverständlich; ganz unbestimmt; oder erfolgt die Annahme unter andern Bestimmungen, als unter welchen das Versprechen geschehen ist; so entsteht kein Vertrag. Wer sich, um einen Andern zu bevortheilen, undeutlicher Ausdrücke bedient, oder eine Scheinhandlung unternimmt, leistet Genugthuung. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. StF: JGS Nr. 946/1811.
43. . . // . 2013. 4.
44. Melvin A. Eisenberg. Mistake in Contract Law// California Law Review, 2003; 91 (6).
45. Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. Kundmachungsorgan: JGS Nr. 946/1811 zuletzt geändert durch BGBl. I Nr. 135/2009. Inkrafttretensdatum: 01.01.2010.
46. German Civil Code. Section 2278. (1) In a contract of inheritance, each of the parties to the contract may make contractual dispositions mortis causa. (2) Dispositions other than appointments of heirs, legacies and testamentary burdens may not be made contractually. German Civil Code. Enacted 18.08.1896. Into force 1.01.1900. Published: RGBl. S. 195. With amendments.
47. German Civil Code. Section 242. Performance in good faith. An obligor has a duty to perform according to the requirements of good faith, taking customary practice into consideration. German Civil Code. Enacted 18.08.1896. Into force 1.01.1900. Published: RGBl. S. 195. With amendments.
48. Batty Thomas. Polarized Law. London: Forgotten Books, 2015.
49. German Civil Code. Title 3. Contract. Section 145. Binding effect of an offer. Any person who offers to another to enter into a contract is bound by the offer, unless he has excluded being bound by it. German Civil Code. Enacted 18.08.1896. Into force 1.01.1900. Published: RGBl. S. 195. With amendments.
50. Viet jo Civillikumu Kopojums. Section 3105. the contract understood as an agreement of several parties. Enacted 25.11.1864. Into force 01.07.1865. Repealed: 01.01.1938.
51. Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. In der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 02.01.2002 (BGBl. I S. 42, ber. S. 2909, 2003 I S. 738) zuletzt geändert durch Gesetz vom 29.06.2015 (BGBl. I S. 1042) m.W.v. 17.08.2015.
52. German Civil Code. Section 2278. Permissible contractual dispositions. (2) Dispositions other than appointments of heirs, legacies and testamentary burdens may not be made contractually. German Civil Code. Enacted 18.08.1896. Into force 1.01.1900. Published: RGBl. S. 195. With amendments.
53. . . . . . : . - , 1998.
54.Ibid, p.163.
55. . . . IIII. .: , 2014.
56. . . . . . , 2002.
57. Ibid, p. 285.
58. , . . . : . . « », 2005. Manuel Jesus Garcia Garrido. Derecho privado romano: Casos, acciones, instituciones. .: - , 2005.
59. . . . . . , 1996.
60. : / . . . , . . . .: 2006.
61. Swiss Civil Code. Article 527. Swiss Civil Code. Enacted 28 May 1904, came into force 10 December 1907. Published: BBl 1904 IV 1, 1907 VI 367. With amendments.
62. Persona legalis intentiones person in legal contemplation. Wilson v. Estate of WL Kings. 131 Ind. App. 412 (1960). 170 N.E.2d 63.
63. . . . : . .: Nota Bene, 2003.
64. Alan Watson. The Making of the Civil Law. Cambridge: The Harvard University Press, 1981.
65. Alan Watson. Comparative Law and Legal Change// Cambridge Law Journal, 1978 (37).
66. Person receiving a legacy (the authors note) is recognized as an heir. Cited: , . : 6 . / . ; . . . . .: . , 2005.
67. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Part Two. Inheritance Law. Enacted: 08.05.2014. Into force: 01.07.2014. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 98 (5158), 22.05.2014. With amendments.
68. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Section 423. Persons, entitled for compulsory share are the spouse and descendants, but if there are no descendants, then ascendants of the nearest degree of kinship. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Part Two. Inheritance Law. Enacted: 08.05.2014. Into force: 01.07.2014. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 98 (5158), 22.05.2014. With amendments.
69. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Section 642. In inheritance contracts the provisions concerning preferential shares shall be complied with, unless those who are concerned themselves directly or as parties to the contract have relinquished their rights. If this has not been complied with, then persons, entitled for compulsory share may contest the contract while the estateleaver is alive as well as after his or her death. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Part Two. Inheritance Law. Enacted: 08.05.2014. Into force: 01.07.2014. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 98 (5158), 22.05.2014. With amendments.
70. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Section 425. The compulsory share of an estate shall be one half of the value of that share of the estate which an heir would inherit pursuant to law. The Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Part Two. Inheritance Law. Enacted: 08.05.2014. Into force: 01.07.2014. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 98 (5158), 22.05.2014. With amendments till 8 May 2014.
71. Dagnija Rueniece. Succession certi cate for persons entitled for compulsory share is not issued. Persons entitled for compulsory share vested with the right to claim for a compulsory share allotment in monetary expression. Latvijas V stnea port ls// http://www.lvportals.lv/visi/ekonsultacijas/5182mantojumaapliecibuneatnemamasdalastiesigajiemneizsniedz/ (3.03.2016).
72. Taha Ayhan. The Principle of Legal Certainty in EU Case Law// http://www.todaie.edu.tr/resimler/ekler/0f455a8e4a0f319_ek.pdf?dergi=Review%20of%20Public%20Administration (14.03.2016.).
73. Gilberte ClossetMarchal. Lapplication dans le temps des lois de droit judiciare civil. Bruxells, Brilliant, 1983.
74. Baiba Rudevska. Procesu l likuma intertemporal piemeroana administrat vaj un civilproces //Jurista V rds, 3.07.2007., Nr.27 (480).
75. Wielinger G. Das Verordnungsrecht der Gemeinden. Graz: LeykamVerlag, 1974.
76. Maris Onzevs. Legal aspects of temporal scope of legal norms in the state of law. Dissertation. Riga, 2015.
77. Law On Of cial Publications and Legal Information. Enacted: 31.05.2012. Into force: 01.07.2012. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 96 (4699), 20.06.2012. With amendments.
78. The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia. Section 105. Enacted: 15.02.1922. Into force: 07.11.1922. Published: Latvijas V stnesis, 43, 01.07.1993., Zi ot js, 6, 31.03.1994. With amendments.
79. . . . . .: « °, 2004.
80. John W. Shaw. Domestic RelationsHusbands Vested Interest in Retirement Plan is Divisible as Marital Property// Missouri Law Review, 1977: Vol. 42, Iss. 1.
81. Francis J. Mootz III. Legal Classics: After Deconstructing the Legal Canon//North Carolina Law Review, 1994; (72).
82. Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich. Nr: GP XXIV IA 673/A AB 275 S. 29. BR: AB 8146 S. 774.
83. Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. § 1217. (1) Ehepakte heißen diejenigen Verträge, welche in der Absicht auf die eheliche Verbindung über das Vermögen geschlossen werden. Sie haben vorzüglich die Gütergemeinschaft und den Erbvertrag zum Gegenstand. Inkrafttretensdatum 01.01.2010. Zuletzt aktualisiert am 08.04.2015.
84. Prof. Dr. V.Sinaiskis. Civillikuma principi un imenes ties bas//Tieslietu Ministrijas V stnesis, 1938; Nr.1